History of Almaty
The first settlements of early farmers and pastoralists on the territory of the modern city appeared in the Bronze Age in the X-IX centuries BC.
In the VII century BC – before the turn of the century AD. in the era of the Saks, Almaty became the habitat of the Saka, and later the Usun tribes. The Middle Ages were the time of the development of urban culture, the transition to a sedentary lifestyle, the development of agriculture and crafts and the emergence of numerous urban settlements.
In the X-XIV centuries, the cities located on the territory of “Greater Almaty” became centers of trade on the route of the Great Silk Road.In the XV-XVIII centuries due to the extinction "The Great Silk Road" urban life is being degraded in this area. However, it is here that the original Zhetysu culture is formed. In these places, gravitating to the Almaty region, the Kazakh state is born and the Kazakh nationality is formed.
Fort Faithful In the 50s of the XIX century. Kazakhstan was annexed to Russia and by the autumn of 1854, the construction of the Zailiyskoye military fortification was completed on the left bank of the Malaya Almatinka River, followed by its renaming to Fort Verniy. In 1867, the fortification was renamed the city of Verniy and became the administrative center of the newly formed Semirechensk region, which became part of the Turkestan Governor-General.
From the Soviet era to the present day On February 5, 1921, at a solemn meeting of the regional party committee with the participation of representatives of Soviet institutions, trade unions and representatives of Muslim communities, the city of Verniy was renamed the city of Alma-Ata.
Having regained its historical name, which in many sources was translated as “father of apples”, the city became the capital of Soviet Kazakhstan in 1927, and with the construction of the Turkestan-Siberian railway, it acquired the most important economic and strategic importance, which was further strengthened during World War II, when factories and factories were evacuated to the city from the western part The USSR, which was attacked by the German army.
Following the industrial enterprises, a huge number of residents of the Slavic republics were evacuated here, as well as a large population of ethnic Koreans from the Far East was deported, which explains the current multinational nature of the city.
The southern capital of independent Kazakhstan After the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1993, by the decision of the government, Alma-Ata was renamed Almaty.
In 1997, by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, the capital was moved from Alma-Ata to Astana.
And on July 1, 1998, the law on the special status of the city of Almaty was adopted, which determined its future fate as a scientific, cultural and financial center of the Republic of Kazakhstan.